In view of the wide research done in fly fishing the number of fly fishing rod types in the market are quite large and you have a great choice and brand names. The first aspect you have to consider is the weight and duty for which you are purchasing the fishing rod. They are generally available in gradations from 1 to 9 depending on their weight. Lower the numbers lower the weight and so on. The cast line is directly proportional to the fly rod weight and this is an important parameter.Significant features of a Fly Fishing RodThe topic of choosing the most appropriate fishing rod that you can use in fly fishing can be quite complicated and you need to logically understand the various features that are to be considered in the course of your choice. It is imperative to have the basic date on what the fishing rod is being used for in terms of the fish species and the waters where you will sport for those kinds of fish. Finally one needs to stipulate the amount worth spending for all this gear in order to satisfy one’s craving for this sport.The Fishing RodThe most important feature of the fishing rod is its flexural characteristics. It is designated as slow to fast and you should try to understand this concept before purchasing a rod. The amateurs who have just started fly fishing need to begin with medium or medium-fast action rods and graduate on to more sophisticated construction as you gain more experience. It invariably depends on the aptitude of the angler and only a general guide line can be given since the feel and strength control of casting vary from person to person.What is your Fish?The type of fish is all important to determine the quality of your fishing rod. Remember that the general maxim is to equate the weight of the fish to the weight of the fishing rod. Mostly it is useful to use light to medium heavy fishing gear for many common fish. Always consult an expert or information on the Internet on the data pertaining to fish and fishing rod relationship.Fishing Location and your Fishing RodThe fishing rods depend also on the waters that you encounter for the particular species of fish. The dynamics of the ponds, lakes or rivers ascertain the weight of the casting rod and so does the climatic conditions at different times of the year. Mild conditions and medium fish require light to medium heavy fishing rods whilst severe climatic variations or high water current needs heavier varieties.Cost is always important!Quality and cost never blend and one must find a good relationship by generalization technique. The common or let us say popular St. Croix Fly Fishing rod is quite suitable for most of the angler’s needs. If you have more to spend then go in for the more expensive rods that will give you additional features and efficiency. It is your passion for trout that will determine your attraction to a particular fly fishing rod!
June 25, 2009
Fly Fishing – Choosing The Right Fly Fishing Rod
This winter, when everyone else is headed for cover in their homes, the adventurous fly fisherman is headed out into the crisp rushing waters to take advantage of some of the most exciting fly fishing of the year. If you’re the type who doesn’t let winter get between you and fishing, then pack your tackle box with an assortment of fishing flies and try out one of these choice winter locations.
Whistler, Canada:
Get your recipes out for wild steelhead, salmon, rainbow trout, and char, because that’s what you’ll be coming home with after a fly fishing trip to Whistler, Canada. Temperatures here in the winter months range between 35 degrees and 46 degrees Fahrenheit so pack your thermals! As for packing your tackle box, some good bets for fishing flies are green highlander, the Green Butt Skunk, and the Thunder and Lightning.
Eureka, California:
Needs something a little warmer? Winter temperatures in Eureka rarely dip below 45 degrees. There are 6 fly fishing rivers in this little Northern California town: The Smith River, The Klamath River, The Trinity River, The Mad River, The Eel River, and the Van Duzen River. Each has its own unique qualities, but each is rich with steelhead. In these rivers, you’ll want to pack plenty of fishing flies that appeal to these hungry fish including the Black Bear Green Butt, Black Dose, and the Orange Body Bomber.
Lake Creek, Alaska:
If you’re dreaming of reeling in some of the biggest, most beautiful salmon in the US, you’ve got to get out to Lake Creek Alaska. In these lakes you’ll have the opportunity to catch huge King Salmon, Pink Salmon, Chum Salmon, Rainbow Trout, and Northern Pikes. Pack lots of different fishing flies but be sure to include sinking flies like nymphs and dry flies.
Taupo Region, New Zealand:
If you’re going to take a fishing trip during the winter, you may as well go big! New Zealand is an outdoor lover’s paradise, with some of the most amazing scenery anywhere in the world. Wintertime fishing in New Zealand is best in the Taupo region. This area is believe to be where the largest number of rainbow trouts in the world spawn. For fishing flies, you’ll want to pack lots of nymphs, particularly pheasant tail nymph, hare and copper nymph, and various forms of caddis.
Sure, it’s cold and there are fewer hatches and therefore fewer fish in the winter. But those that are there are out are practically begging to take hold of a juicy-looking fishing fly. So start dreaming, find your ideal spot, load up on fishing flies and set out on an adventure to break up those long winter months. If nothing else, you’ll come back with some great fishing stories.
June 25, 2009
Help With Fly Fishing Basics
If you are considering taking up fly fishing as a hobby then two of the reasons probably include enjoying the beauty of nature and breathing in the beautiful fresh air. Fly fishing is one of the sports where you can truly enjoy the nature around you and experience the calming effect of the water.
There is no speed involved with things flying by you too fast to notice, there is no rush to go anywhere, and there are no guarantees that you will catch any fish.
These attributes of fly fishing make it an ideal weekend or vacation sports if your purpose is to be outside in nature and fully relax far away from the hustle and bustle of normal day to day life.
The fly fishing rod is lighter and shorter than the average rod used for other types of fishing. These rods are on average around 9 feet long with a weight of about 5 ounces. However, the length of the rod will depend on the size of the stream that you want to fish in. Smaller streams will require that you purchase and use a shorter rod.
The fly fishing line is usually heavier than the usual line used for other types of fishing. These lines are manufactured to either float on the surface of the water or to sink into the water.
The fly lure that you choose will depend on the type of fishing that you want to do and the species of fish that you want to catch.
Some fish seek their food from amongst objects that float on the water surface and to catch these fish your lure needs to mimic floating insects. Other fish get their food from objects in the water and to catch those you lure needs to mimic those objects.
The experience fly fisherman always carries a wide selection of fishing lure because what worked yesterday might not necessarily work today.
With fly fishing, the time of the day, the temperature of the water, the glare of the sun on the surface of the water, the speed of the water in the stream, and other factors determine what type of lure will work.
Fly fishing is such an established sport that the fishing lures have been divided into official categories. These are the dry flies and emergers, the nymphs, the streamers, the wet flies, the saltwater flies, the bass and panfish flies, and these salmon and steelhead flies.
Enjoying fly fishing requires a little bit of preparation and knowledge acquisition and thereafter it is learning from experience whilst enjoying the beauty and serenity of nature.
June 24, 2009
Alaska Fly Fishing Lodges
Alaska is well known for its incredible fly fishing, but it’s also a great place to go for a fly fishing vacation in a rustic lodge setting. You can find all kinds of lodges in the rustic country of Alaska that can make your fly fishing vacation a real adventure. This article will outline a few of these great destinations.
The Alaska Rainbow Lodge claims to have the finest, most centrally located accommodations in Alaska. A short flight from Anchorage will put you in the middle of prime fly fishing territory. You can fish for rainbow trout and salmon and stay in a gorgeous lodge with all the amenities. They offer float planes to their guests that will take you to some of the most remote fishing areas where you will find quality fishing in any season. They can be found online at www.alaskarainbowlodge.com.
Wilderness Place Lodge offers some excellent fly fishing accommodations along with some terrific amenities. They have guides that will lead you to the best place to fly fish for salmon or trout and boast riverside cabins and a 1:1 customer/guest ratio to insure excellent service during your stay there. They also offer classes to their guests on topics like fly tying and effective casting. They can be found online at www.wildernessplacelodge.com.
The Lake Marie Lodge is another option for your fly fishing vacation. They specialize in rainbow trout and salmon fly fishing as well as sight fishing and surface fishing. Their experts offer fly fishers the opportunity to catch huge salmon and they fish all sorts of rivers and streams that are accessible to them only. They average about 14 guests at a time which allows them to provide the utmost in service. Their web address is www.lakemarie.com.
The Alagnak River is known for its excellent fly fishing, and if you’re looking for a quality lodge located on the river, you may want to look at the Katmai Lodge. They have single, double, or private cabins that adjoin a common area where you can gather to share “fish stories” after a day of angling. They also offer Orvis sanctioned fishing expeditions that are led by some of the most experienced guides in the area. Research them online at www.katmai.com.
When you are considering an Alaskan fly fishing vacation, you will want to find a lodge that can comfortably accommodate those in your party. The choices are many, and you will want to do your research before you book your trip. But most of these Alaskan lodges are committed to making your fly fishing trip the best you’ve ever had.
June 24, 2009
Fly Fishing Books
Although experience is a great teacher when you are learning about fly fishing, you may also want to look into the myriad of books that are available on the topic. Fly fishing involves a lot of things, and you’ll need to know about these things if you’re going to be effective in the sport. Fly fishing books are a great way to start learning!
A quick search on Amazon.com shows over 8,000 titles on fly fishing available! Prices range between $10 and $50. Some of these books are purely instructional while others contain anecdotes and fish stories designed to entertain. You can get books that tell you the best places to fish at and the most satisfying fly fishing destinations.
Fly fishing books are great resources as well if you want to learn how to tie your own flies. One of the first things you need to know in fly tying is what the flies look like that you’re trying to mimic. When the book comes with illustrations, you can easily match your fly to the picture.
Online books are another great way to get information about fly fishing. There are many e-books available for download. Look for the ones that will fit your needs. If you’re a beginner, you may want a comprehensive guide to all aspects of fly fishing. If you’re more experienced, an update book may be the way to go.
When choosing a fly fishing book, look at the author first. Are they qualified to write this book? What experience do they have in the sport? Can they provide you with compelling reasons to take his or her advice? You will get more accurate information from a person who has personal experience to offer.
Is the book easy to read? When you are reading a book filled with technical language, it can be overwhelming and it isn’t likely to help you much. The author should define unfamiliar language early on in the book and keep reminding you throughout the text what they are referring to.
Don’t opt for long winded tomes of pages akin to War and Peace. They aren’t likely to give you much good advice plus the boredom factor has to come into play. A lot of great information can be packed into a few pages. Opt for the shorter book rather than the longer one so you get what you pay for!
Fly fishing books are wonderful sources of information when you are learning about this sport. Find a book that you are comfortable reading that also gives you what you are looking for. The choices are vast, so go online or get to the bookstore today and learn what you need to about the sport of fly fishing!
June 23, 2009
Fly Fishing in Alaska
The forty-ninth state in our union is a wonderland of lakes and mountains and rivers and streams. Fly fishing in Alaska is one of the most captivating experiences that fly fishermen can report. In fact, fly fishing in Alaska has become a multi-million dollar industry as anglers flock there to catch prize-winning fish in a beautiful landscape.
Fly fishing in Alaska can be an amazing experience for both experienced as well as beginning anglers. This state, while somewhat remote, has so much to offer people who decide that fishing the waters of Alaska would be the way to go. Where are the best spots?
It is generally agreed upon that Katmai, Alaska is one of the best fly fishing spots in Alaska. Alaska is a magical place, and Katmai is one of the most wondrous. This area has been designated as the only trophy sport fishing area in the entire state. There are over 1,000 miles of streams and rivers to fish for such prizes as coho salmon, rainbow trout, and award-winning pike. There are many lodges in this part of Alaska that will provide guides for you and give you a real Alaskan fly fishing adventure!
Many of the lodges in Alaska are fly-in only meaning they can only be reached by floatplane or train. One of the best places for fly fishing in Alaska can be found on Lake Creek which is northwest of Anchorage. On this creek, you can expect to catch some beautiful king salmon, pink salmon, and rainbow trout. You will be isolated, but the scenery and experience is absolutely second to none!
The Alagnak River is another great fly fishing destination in Alaska. This river is just a few miles away from Bristol Bay providing some great tidal waters that breed wonderful fish. Chrome-bright salmon will stay here for a few days after coming in from the ocean and getting used to their new freshwater environment. Each new tide brings in a new crop of fish, so there is always a great chance of landing not just one but several fish on every expedition.
You can find some trophy-sized salmon in the Kenai River of Alaska as well as rainbow trout. This is a beautiful river with easy access provided you have a guide to lead you. There are plenty of places where you can find a guide, so when planning a fly fishing trip to Alaska, be sure to book a guide if your lodge doesn’t offer one.
Alaska is a beautiful, wondrous state full of adventure and peacefulness alike. The fly fishing in Alaska is renowned for its abundance of fish. You will have an experience beyond your wildest dreams when you are fly fishing in Alaska. Plan today and make the trip of your fly fishing dreams a reality – in Alaska!
June 21, 2009
Fly Fishing Secrets
Copyright (c) 2008 Steven Magill
When most people think of fly fishing, they think of the movie A River Runs Through It. They picture standing on the banks of a beautiful river (or possibly standing in the middle of it) and whipping a fishing pole back and forth as an amazingly long line flings back and forth with the whip of the pole. To be sure, to watch fly fisherpeople (or anglers as the people who fly fish are called) can be very relaxing. Imagine how soothing and peaceful it must be to actually be out there doing the fishing. Of course that isn’t to say that there aren’t a few fly fishing secrets to help you have a successful fishing trip.
To the non-trained eye, fly fishing doesn’t look like that big of a deal, but there is a gentle and subtle art to it. Like with most things, fly fishing relies on gear, technique and skill to result in a successful catch. Of course, the fly fishing secrets vary depending on where you are going fly fishing and what you hope to catch.
The first thing you will want to think about is your gear. If you are fishing for trout (which is the fish of choice for most anglers), you will want to use the lightest fly rod possible. This fly rod should have a fly reel with, at the most, four pound test monofilament in its reel. If the line is any heavier, the trout will see it and recognize that it is not a natural part of their world.
The best bait that you can use is a still living worm. That probably isn’t what you want to hear after spending all sorts of money on different types of line, lure and fancy kinds of bait. Still, simple and natural is always best. The best way to use live worms is to attach them to a set of gang hooks that have been pre-tied.
Believe it or not, what you are wearing can also have an impact on the success of your fly fishing trip. Because the trout have such fantastic eyesight, you will want to do everything you can to blend into the background of the fishing location you have chosen. Bland colors that match the naturally occurring colors are the best bet. You don’t have to spend a bunch of money on camouflage, but you also don’t want to wear bright red pants in a dark green river.
These are just a few simple fly fishing secrets to keep in mind as you set out on your fly fishing expedition.
The act of fly fishing is at least two millennia old, and while it didn’t become popular until the nineteenth century, the last couple hundred years has been wrought with fly fishing developments. As the gear has improved, the angler’s basic trials and errors have resulted in some wonderful fly fishing secrets. A simple search on the internet will yield far more than the few we’ve shared with you here.
Get The Insider, Professional Fly-fishing Tricks, Tips and Techniques at http://www.flyfishinglessons.org
June 21, 2009
Fly Fishing – an Introduction
Introduction To Fly Fishing
Over the last 2000 years humans have employed numerous methods of archery, fishing and hunting in order to find food. Over that time, fly fishing has become seen by many anglers as the essential method of fishing requiring skill, patience and stealth. Indeed trout fishing is by far the most rewarding fishing whether boat fishing or bank fishing.
When compared to other forms of fishing and the fishing equipment required at the bank, fly fishing stands out above the rest due to the limited fishing equipment that is needed; allowing greater stretches of a river or lake to be explored in a session. By employing what is essentially a fishing lure presented in such a way as to convince the fish it is a living creature worth devouring encompasses all that relates to the history of archery, fishing and hunting.
Which Rod?
There are several things that you need to think about when choosing the right type
of fly fishing. Every reel and fly fishing rod has a certain function and knowing the function is critical to its success.
One of the first things that you need to consider is comfort. Is the rod that you’re
using comfortable for you to hold? If you’re shorter than about 5′5″ you won’t
want to use a rod that is seven feet. Choose a fly fishing rod length that is easy for you to hold and cast for a few hours at a time.
Most of the fly fishing rods on the market today are designed to allow you to feel when a fish takes the bait. The shaft of the fly fishing rod is called a “blank” and when the rod is first manufactured the blank is made from fiberglass, graphite, or other materials. Each
of these blanks has an action that is either: light, medium, medium/heavy, or
heavy. The upper portion will also have an action that is either: extra light, light,
or regular. Both ends of the blank are assembled and the final result is a fishing rod, complete with a handle and guide. No matter what type of rod that you’re using, the “action” of the rod will refer to the “blank”. The action of the rod will have a great
deal to do with the type of fishing that you’re doing.
Now go to your local tackle shop and ask to try out a range of rods in order to decide which best suits yourself. This will be an individual thing and the only way is to try the rods bearing in mind .
Which Reel?
Reels – There are three main types of reels that you can choose from when it
comes to fly fishing: (1) baitcasting reels, (2) spinning reels, and (3) spincast reels. The reel that you choose will depend your own personal preferences.
Baitcasting reels: Baitcasting reels have better accuracy and control of the lure
than other reels. They are better equipped to handle lines that are ten or more
pounds in weight. The one thing to be aware of when using a baitcasting reel is
that they often have the tendency to snarl or fight back when the spool starts to
spin faster than the line that is being played out. This is particularly true if you are
casting into the wind.
To prevent these backlashes, baitcasting reels have a magnetic braking feature but
you’ll want to count more on the control of the spool tension, which is a knob that
is usually located right beside the handles. You’ll need to set the spool tension
knob for each lure by holding the rod straight and disengaging the spool. Loosen
the tension just until the lure begins to drop down and then tighten the spool just a
bit.
When you’re casting the reel you’ll disengage the spool and then hold it tight with
your thumb. When you want the lure to move forward you’ll simply loosen up on
the pressure. After some practice you’ll learn to control the speed of the spool so
that you have better accuracy.
Spinning reels: Spinning reels are reels that have a spool that is stationary. The
line is spun onto the spool as a device called a “bail” rotates around it. Spinning
reels can be used for any size of line but more experienced fly fishers will use it
for lightweight lures with a weight less than ten pounds. Spinning reels tend to
perform a little better than baitcasting reels when you’re casting into the wind.
One disadvantage of using a spinning reel is that there is the inevitable twisting of
the line which will create tangles and knots. When your line becomes twisted the
best thing that you can do is replace the line with a new one. One way that you can prevent some of these tangles from occurring is by putting the spool into a glass of
water for about 24 hours before you head out to go fishing, giving it a chance to
soak.
To cast the spinning reel, hold the handle of the rod with one hand, making sure
that the spinning reel is on the bottom side with your middle finger placed in front
of the “foot” of the reel. Slowly open up the bail and pull the line behind the first
knuckle of your index finger. Release the line by pulling your index finger into a
straight position. You can control how far you cast the line by letting the line
move along your index finger as close to the spool as possible as the line unwinds.
When you want to stop the line you simply push your finger against the lip of the
spool.
Spincast reels: Spincast reels are also known as “push button” reels. They are
closed-face and are very easy to use. They are almost impossible to tangle and can
be cast in smooth, long arcs without twisting. The main portion of the spool is
encased in a covering and it remains in one place while a pick-up pin spins around
the spool. When buying a spincast reel make sure that you don’t buy the most
inexpensive one since you want to pay for good quality. Many beginner fly fishers
do well with a spincast reel.
To cast the spincast reel all you need to do is depress the push button and hold it
down. You’ll release the button when you want your lure to move in a forward
position. Most spincast reels are able to be used with any weight lure or line size.
Which Line?
Most of the lines that you’ll use for fly fishing will be made of nylon
monofilament. However, other lines are becoming just as popular such as lines
that are (1) braided, (2) co-filament, or (3) fused. No matter what type of line you
buy make sure that it’s a “premium” line. Premium lines are more durable and
even than cheaper lines. You’ll want to match the fishing line that you buy to the
following criteria and conditions:
· Strength: Strength is measured in the pounds of force that is needed to
break the line. You’ll find that most lines will break at higher weights than
they are sold at.
· Resistance to Abrasion: When you’re fishing in areas where there are a lot
of brush or rocks you’ll want to use a line that won’t break easily when it is
constantly rubbed.
· Line Diameter: The diameter of the line will affect the way the line is cast
as well as how deep your lure will run. Diameter also has an affect on the
visibility and stretching of the line. The thinner a line is the harder it will be
for the bass to see it. Thinner lines will also give some bait, such as grubs, a
more realistic flowing action. The one good thing about lines with a thicker
diameter is that they are better able to withstand abrasion.
· Stretch Lines: Stretch lines won’t break as easily when they are being
pulled by a fish. They are beneficial in letting you detect strikes as well as
help you in setting hooks.
· Line Stiffness: The stiffness of the line is related to its stretch. The stiffer
the line is the harder it will be to cast. The advantage to having a stiff line is
that is more sensitive than flexible lines.
· Line visibility: In clear water it’s important that your line is as invisible to
the fish as possible. However, you’ll want to have a line that is highly visible when your fishing lures are on a subtle strike, such as worms, grubs,
and jigs. This is so that you can easily detect any movement on the line that
may indicate a fish is biting.
Holding your Rod Effectively
It’s important that you learn to hold your rod effectively under any fishing
conditions. You want to make sure that you maintain good control at all times
without gripping too hard. You can adjust the power of your hold when you’re in
the middle of a cast. This will allow you to minimize the vibrations of each
movement. With just a bit of practice you’ll be able to increase the tightness at the
same as you learn to relax your grip.
Which Bait?
Following is a list of some best bait choices as recommended by the experts:
? Grubs: Grubs are small lures that are usually used to catch larger fish.
Grubs are great for use in highland reservoirs where there is little cover for
the fish. The grub is much like a bare jig head that has a soft plastic body to
attach to the hook. You’ll want to use them most often in clear water
conditions.
Fly fishing for bass is one of the most popular types of fly fishing there is. The thrill of your first time to catch a largemouth bass, can be counted as one of the most thrilling fishing experiences you will have. Most anglers will use spinning or casting reels to catch bass. But if you really want a challenge, then you need to try fly fishing for one. Fly fishing for bass certainly will not win you any fishing tournaments. But it is the most challenging way you will find to catch bass. It is far removed from most fly fishing techniques, such as fly fishing for trout in a mountain stream.The rod used is heavier than those used for catching trout. Rods for bass fishing are usually 8 weight, a rod such as this is required because this type of fish takes some landing. Also the fly used would be larger as well. The leader used for this type of fishing would be shorter as well, 4-6 feet, with the tippet at around a 8 pound test line.The best way to catch your first fish, is to cast your line from a boat towards shore, making sure it lands underneath trees and there branches. A technique that is known to work well, is simply letting the fly rest on the water for a period of time, then snap it across the water quickly, this is a great way to get the attention of any bass that are there. You will find that the popping sound of this action will attract the fish and then you can make your first strike.Some of the best fishing you will find is in smaller bodies of water. Small county lakes and slow moving creeks are perfect for fly fishing. Slow moving creeks are a favorite, this is because can use the shore to cast from and position your fly in a favorable position, such as, beneath trees. The thing about this type of fishing, is the fight the fish will put up, will make it seem far larger than it is. A two to three pound bass caught will seem and feel like a six pound fish. All this adds to thrill and excitement of your new fly fishing experience.Fly fishing for bass is not only an exciting experience, it is also fun to do. So next time you are thinking of going fishing for bass, put aside your normal rod and reel, then give fly fishing a try. You will not regret doing so and will have the most thrilling fishing experience that you will ever have. Also just think about the tales you will be able to regale your friends with, about your new found experience. So are you up to this challenge?
June 21, 2009
Going on the Perfect Fly Fishing Vacation
While most people would consider the perfect fly fishing vacation to be one that they come home from with tons of fish that is certainly not something that you can plan out. A good thing to do though to make sure that you do have the best shot at having the absolute best fly fishing vacation that you could ever have is to make sure that you have all of your supplies in order. Even though you may think that you have it all set based on what you remember having from last season, it is always important to go through everything again just to make sure.
You want to make sure that all of your supplies for your fly fishing vacation are in order so that you are not wasting time purchasing things later on. You want to be able to spend as much time fishing as possible so make sure that you are completely ready for your fly fishing vacation before you even head out. There may be things that are no longer in your tackle box for some reason or things that really just need to be replaced because they are old. It is always advisable to go through your entire fishing supply collection every year so that you are totally prepared for every fishing situation.
Ways To Find The Perfect Supplies
When it comes to shopping for their fly fishing vacation supplies, people just generally find themselves checking out their local fishing and camping stores. While there is no problem with this, you have to realize that you will be limited on the selection of items for your fly fishing vacation supplies. If you have a time crunch that you are dealing with though, this may be your only way to get enough supplies to get through your fly fishing vacation. If you have a little more time on your hands because you were proactive and started to get things ready early, there are better ways to get yourself and your tackle box prepared.
If you have the time to wait for the mail system, then shopping online is going to be your best bet for all of your fly fishing vacation needs whether its more bait or a fly fishing vest. This is because by allowing yourself to search the Internet, you will come across a much bigger variety then what you could normally find in the stores. And to have things that not every other fisherman is going to have out on the lake may just give you the little bit of a added advantage. Also, you may find that the deals for the equipment and supplies you need or want are unbeatable and are something that you simply just cannot pass up.